佛学大辞典

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(lit. 'the killer'), is the Buddhist 'Tempter-figure. He is often called 'Ma^ra the Evil One' (pa^pima^ ma^ro) or Namuci (lit. 'the non-liberator', i.e. the opponent of liberation). He appears in the texts both as a real person (i.e. as a deity) and as personification of evil and passions, of the totality of worldly existence, and of death. Later Pa^li literature often speaks of a 'fivefold Ma^ra' (pan~ca-ma^ra): 1. M. as a deity (devaputta-ma^ra), 2. the M. of defilements (kilesa-m.), 3. the M. of the aggregates (khandha-m.), 4. the M. of the karma-formations (kamma-m.), and 5. Ma^ra as death (maccu-m.).
As a real person, M. is regarded as the deity ruling over the highest heaven of the sensuous sphere (ka^ma^vacara), that of the paranimmitavasavatti-devas, the 'deities wielding power over the creations of others' (Com. to M. 1). According to tradition, when the Bodhisatta was seated under the Bodhi-tree, Ma^ra tried in vain to obstruct his attainment of Enlightenment, first by frightening him through his hosts of demons, etc., and then by his 3 daughters' allurements. This episode is called 'Ma^ra's war' (ma^ra-yuddha). For 7 years M. had followed the Buddha, looking for any weakness in him; that is, 6 years before the Enlightenment and one year after it (Sn. v. 446). He also tried to induce the Buddha to pass away into Parinibba^na without proclaiming the Dhamma, and also when the time for the Buddha's Parinibba^na had come, he urged him on. But the Buddha acted on his own insight in both cases. See D. 16. 更多：https://www.bmcx.com/
For (3) M. as the aggregates, s. S. XXIII, 1, 11, 12, 23. See Padha^na Sutta (Sn. v. 425ff.); Ma^ra Samyutta (S. IV).